Download the full article (PDF) Introduction Antibody oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) represent an emerging class of biotherapeutics that combine the cell-targeting precision of antibodies with the gene-modulating capabilities of oligonucleotides. Structurally, AOCs consist of a monoclonal antibody (or antibody fragment) covalently linked to an oligonucleotide, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), or splice-switching […]
Download the full article (PDF) Introduction Antibody oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) represent an emerging class of biotherapeutics that combine the cell-targeting precision of antibodies with the gene-modulating capabilities of oligonucleotides. Structurally,
Download the full article (PDF) Introduction Immunocytokines, which are fusion proteins combining a cytokine with an antibody or antibody fragment, constitute a rapidly advancing class of targeted immunotherapeutics. They
Download the full article (PDF) Introduction The emergence of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapies has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies. While CAR-T cell therapies dominate the clinical landscape, enthusiasm
Download the full article (PDF) The engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has redefined cancer immunotherapy, producing transformative clinical outcomes in hematological malignancies. However, conventional CAR-T therapies
Download the full article (PDF) Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed the field of protein engineering by enabling the generation of novel protein sequences and structures at a scale
Download the full article (PDF) Introduction Infectious diseases have shaped human civilization for millennia, often determining the fate of societies, economies, and populations. Among the countless pathogens that have afflicted
Download the full article (PDF) G protein-coupled receptors and their signaling pathways G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the largest and most diverse families of membrane receptors in biology,
Download the full article (PDF) Introduction The search for new small molecule drugs begins with a deceptively simple question: how does the structure of a molecule determine what it does
Download the full article (PDF) Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) cells are genetically engineered immune cells, most commonly T cells, designed to recognize and attack specific target cells, such as cancer
Download the full article (PDF) The concept that the immune system can recognize and eliminate malignant cells dates back over a century, but the molecular basis for this immune
