B lymphocytes, or B cells, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies.

Killing of a target cell by immune cells when directed by a specific antibody to the target. A positive aspect if the antibody is designed to kill cancer cells. A negative aspect if the antibody is designed for other functions. Measured by radioactive 51Cr release from the target or by other methods.

Killing of a target cell by immune cells when directed by a specific antibody to the target. A positive aspect if the antibody is designed to kill cancer cells. A negative aspect if the antibody is designed for other functions. Measured by radioactive 51Cr release from the target or by other methods.

Cellular immunoassays include the activities of B and T lymphocytes and the subsets of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages.

The T-helper cell 17 (Th17) lineage is a subset of effector memory T cells. Th17 cells play a critical role in the induction of the tissue inflammation and tissue destruction that are hallmarks of many immune-inflammatory diseases.

The IgM, IgG subsets or other classes of antibody are determined by immunoassay methods. The kappa or lambda light chain class is similarly determined.

Cells of the immune system are commonly purified from blood, spleen or lymph nodes. Separate cell populations (lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocyte / macrophages, erythrocytes, and cancer cells) are usually prepared by density gradient centrifugation through Ficoll-Hypaque or Percoll solutions. Separation is based on the buoyant density of each cell subpopulation at the given osmolality of….

Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from Greek (makrós) = large and (phageín) = to eat) are a type of white blood cell, of the immune system, that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the type of proteins specific to healthy body

Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence the process of adaptive immunity.

Natural killer (NK) cells are an essential defense in the early stage of the immune response to pathogens. NK cells are active in naïve individuals and their numbers can be enhanced in certain circumstances. The NK assay typically uses a 51Cr-labeled tumor target and is similar to the CTL assay described above.